Human Resource Management in Pakistan

Human Resource Management in Pakistan Pakistan is categorized in the list of developing countries. Many multinationals organizations are operational in Pakistan and along with these multinational organizations many large and small businesses are also operating in Pakistan. Now a day there is a trend of doing business thats why both experienced and well educated entrepreneurs are staring their businesses and this will a positive sign in the success of Pakistan. In Pakistan, most of the organizations dont have a proper human resource department to perform all the related activities of human resource department. Organizations dont give importance to the human resource department and do not realize the effectiveness of human resource department. They think that hiring a person is the only responsibility of human resource department in any organization and it can be done by any other person of the organization. But on the other hand, many multinational and national organizations realize the importance of human resource department and they have a proper human resource department in their organization and they are achieving the results positively. Organizations are now thinking and many organizations start building a proper human resource department so that they meet the challenges of the market. So in near future, we will see that almost every organization must have a proper human resource department and human resource managers are performing th eir duties effectively. PEST Analysis A PEST analysis is an analysis of the external macro-environment that affects all firms. P.E.S.T. is an acronym for the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors of the external macro-environment [1]. Political, economic, social and technological forces form the human resource management policies and activities. Local economy in terms of output and demand of labor is affected by the global economy influences. Political Factor: Political factor is more complex in our scenario because Pakistan is facing political instability and its relation to the other factors which are related to the human resource management. As Pakistan is in the category of developing countries and political environment is constantly changing, mainly in the area of regulatory requirements. Employment legislation, human rights, pay equity, occupational health and safety, industrial relations legislation and pension all impose on most human resource management activities, including selection, training and rewards. Also, government can get involved in the economy to influence economic activity and thus change labor market trends. In the meanwhile, government can influence on the work week and mandatory employee benefits which is directly related to the human resource management [2]. Economical Factor: A human resource management practices are strongly influenced by the current economic climate of the country. Skill level of workforce and labor cost are main factors of human resource management which are affected by the economical factor of a country. As Pakistan is a developing country and dont have a strong economic conditions which also impact on the organizations and they also dont have very much resources and on the other side those organizations who have resources only invest a certain level of amount which the organizations think they get back with profit. Due to weak economic conditions, organizations lack in competent human resource because people dont have much resources to get high profile employees. Due to economic condition, small businesses do not build a proper human resource department. They think that this will be wastage of money but do not give importance to it. Social Factor: Social factor also affect the human resource management practices of any country. Demographics, class structure, education, culture and entrepreneurial spirit are some of the parts of social factor which directly affect the human resource management of any country. In Pakistan, this factor plays a very important role but unfortunately plays a negative role to some extent. Some parts of this factor also play a positive role like education and entrepreneurial spirit are the most important ones. On the other hand, some organizations and government sector organizations are ruled by the class structure and demographics politics. Technological Factor: Technological factor plays a very important and also positive role in the human resource management. Those organizations that have a proper human resource department are now using latest technology and due to this employees confidence is built on the organization and they work more effectively because they know they get what they deliver. Most of the human resource departments are using customized softwares because of which their efficiency and effectiveness increased and they are delivering their best to the organization. These softwares help the human resource department in the time of recruitment and performance appraisals etc. Areas of Human Resource Management There are different areas of human resource management and here I select two areas of human resource management which I think are the most important areas of human resource management. The selected areas of human resource management are recruitment and selection. These both are the important areas of human resource management because if you dont select a right candidate for right position than you do not get the required results from that candidate. I will further high light the importance of these two areas by using an example of a company. The company which I select for this evaluation is wi-tribe Pakistan limited. I will discuss how the internal and external factors of wi-tribe affect the recruitment and selection process. Recruitment and Selection: Recruitment  refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a  job [3].  Different organizations outsource some of the recruitment process but there are organizations which perform the recruitment process itself. wi-tribe has its own full-fledged human resource management department which performs the activities related to human resource department. But there are few activities which wi-tribe outsource to different consulting organizations. wi-tribe outsource these activities to HRS global. Internal and External Factors The external factors [4] of an organization include; Economic forces Social, cultural, demographics and environmental forces Political, legal and governmental forces Technological forces The internal factors of an organization include; Employees Suppliers Distributors Economic Forces: If the economic conditions of wi-tribe is not so good than they have to think about the cost incurred while conducting the recruitment and selection process. So because of this the organization tries that source of recruitment which will bear a lower cost of recruitment for each candidate and this will affect the selection of the candidate and there are chances that the wi-tribe will not select the right candidate and this will affect its operations and performance. Social, Cultural, demographic and Environmental Forces: These forces also have a strong effect on recruitment and selection process. If wi-tribe has a recruitment and selection process which is opposite to the social and cultural trends than this will also affect the recruitment and selection of the right candidate. Social, cultural, demographics and environmental forces affect the organization and it is the responsibility of the management to set the policies of the organization in a way that they are not affected by these factors. Management has to handle these forces otherwise they are hurdles in the way of recruiting and selecting the right candidate for the right position. Political, Legal and Governmental Forces: A number of government regulations have direct impact on recruitment and selection process. Trade unions also play a vital role in recruitment and selection. But these unions and regulations sometimes badly affect the organization and play a negative role. In wi-tribe there are no unions but they are affected by the regulations imposed by the government and also the Pakistan telecom authority. Political pressure is also used for any post which also affects the image of the organization among its employees and outsiders even the employee has the capabilities for a certain post. Technological Forces: Technology is also a factor which effects on the organization but in the case of wi-tibe it has more important role because wi-tribe is working in internet providing industry and providing wireless internet connections to its customers. wi-tribe has to stay up to date in his technology so that he can compete his competitors in technology. The more the latest technology the wi-tribe uses the more the positive impact effects on its customers wi-tribe impose. Now a days wi-tribe is using the latest technology available and importing that technology from china. For the handling of that technology wi-tribe recruits and selects the most capable candidates so that they handle that technology with care and customers get the best services. Employees: Employees are the back bone of any organization. Those organizations that are successful in the market are only because of their competitive employees. wi-tribe also have competitive employees which are capable of achieving their goals and because of these employees wi-tribe become the number 1 internet providing company in Pakistan within few years. This shows how effective the human resource department wi-tribe have because these employees are selected by the human resource department. Suppliers: Suppliers are also the important factor which affect the organization and play important role in the success of the organization. Those organizations who have effective and best suppliers are leaders in the markets and leading the market because the facility which you are offering to the market is a quality product or not based on your suppliers because if your supplier supply you the best quality products than you can deliver the best product. With garbage event his top leaders cannot produce the master piece. Distributors: Distributors are also the important factor and they are your front line army men. If you produce the best quality product and because of your distributors negligence your product will be infected than you are unable to lead the market and get required result. Some products are sensitive and need some extra care. Recommendations Every organization is looking for perfection in his every department. Here are some recommendations related to human resource management department of wi-tribe so that they can achieve their targets easily. They give full rights to their human resource department and also gave them the freedom of recruiting and selecting the employee which they think is the most suitable for the given position. Human resource department also include at least a single person from every department during the recruitment process of that department so that they can select the right candidate.

Be Sample Paper

Business Environment Contents 1. Understand the organisational purposes of businesses3 11. Identify the purposes of different types of organisation. Define Anglo American’s purpose. 3 1. 2. Describe the extent to which Anglo American meets the objectives of different stakeholders3 1. 3. Highlight responsibilities and also explain strategies used to fulfil them at Anglo American. 4 3. Understand the behavior of organisations in their market environment5 3. 1.Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other mechanisms of Anglo American’s activities5 3. 2 Define the various types of markets and explain how they determine the strategic decisions6 3. 4. Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a organization8 4. Assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities8 4. 1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK based mining organisations8 4. Analyze the impact of global factors on UK business orga nisations9 4. 3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. 10 Task-1 1. Understand the organisational purposes of businesses 1. 1Identify the purposes of different types of organisation. Define Anglo American in terms of organisational purpose. The purpose of an organization or a company can be multi facet. The purpose of all the organization is to satify the needs of the customers The goals of an organisation may be multi facet.The similarity in goal of every organisation is to reach to the top by its brand name, goodwill, quality of product. No company should make a compromise when the question of goodwill of the organisation is concerned. It takes years together to establish a Brand Name of the product produced by the company. Apart from quality,the question of after sales service, availability, net work system play important role. An organisation of repute should strive for profit which is the essence of any organisation.An organization i s a social entity which pursues specified goals and controls its own performance. There are some boundaries which separate organization from its environment. There are various purposes of different organizations like profit-for and not-for-profit organizations operate for various purposes. The purpose of a not-for-profit organization is to bring social reforms like educational institutions etc. On the other hand, the purpose of a profit for organization is to offer products or valuable services to earn returns.Therefore, the purpose of every organization differs and all employees are motivated to attain the goals set by the organization Rate This Answer The organizational purpose primarily defines the major reason of existence of an organization in the market. Generally, the sole purpose of any organization should be satisfying customers. For a manufacturing organization, which is into manufacturing of farming equipments, the purpose can be providing wide-range of innovative solutio ns to farmers so that the starvation and malnutrition can be eliminated.For an organization, which is into providing educational services, the purpose can be providing quality education to people to enable people to be more efficient and to make people to achieve legitimate goals of their life. In the same way, the purpose of a non-profit organization is to provide services that benefit to public or in simple terms, to serve humanity. Likewise, every organization will have a purpose, which emphasizes on organizational growth as well as society growth.Similarly, the purpose of Anglo American, a leading mining company in the world, is to deliver excellence in safe and responsible way by adding value to communities, people, organizations, governments and stakeholders in areas such as mining and exploration (AngloAmerican, 2011). With the help of sustainable policies and approaches such as integrated sustainable development, transparency, ethics, human rights and collaborations, Anglo A merican has been striving to stick to the basic purpose of the organization (AngloAmerican, 2011). . 2Describe the extent to which Anglo American meets the objectives of different stakeholders Stakeholder is a person or a group of people or organizations that directly or indirectly get affected due to the actions or activities of an organization. Organizations have to keep all stakeholders in mind while taking any decision that impacts internal and external organization. Employees, suppliers, creditors, debtors, investors and customers etc. , are considered some of the major stakeholders of any organization (James, 2002).Different stakeholders of an organization will have different objectives. For example, the objective of an investor is to gain profits from the investment which he or she made in the organization. Similarly, the objective of employee to work in a safe working environment, learn work and grow in the corporate ladder etc. As a mining organization, Anglo American has t o meet the objectives of primary stakeholders like investors, employees and creditors and secondary stakeholders like general public, communities, activist groups and media.With the sustainable development approach, Anglo American has been reaching the objectives of all stakeholders for past few years. With the performance score card, which tracks the performance of organization against social and environmental indicators, Anglo American has been focusing on areas such as safety, health, social performance, socio-economic performance, rural health systems development and enterprise development (AngloAmerican, 2011).As far as safety is concerned, the fatal injuries have reduced to 17 in 2011. The number of new cases of occupational disease has been significantly dropped to 190 in 2011 from 280 in 2007. Nearly 93% sites maintain OHSAS 18001 standards, which is a predominant achievement of Anglo American in the area of safety and health management. Overall, the organization has witness ed good growth rates in every area that affects stakeholders in 2011.To comply the rules of environmental management systems standards, nearly 94% of all sites have undergone ISO 14001 certification; all infrastructure and equipments are purchased to make comply the rules of environmental standards (AngloAmerican, 2011). 1. 3. Highlight the responsibilities and also explain the strategies used in connection with fulfilling these responsibilities at Anglo American. As a mining organization, Anglo American has to fulfill economical, social and environmental responsibilities.Some of the major responsibility of Anglo American is to implement best practices across all branch offices to avoid social and community issues; to build site level capacities to manage social issues; to contribute to societies by allocating funds to enrich poor communities, improve facilities at site level to avoid health and safety risks; to make a framework improves the engagement of all stakeholders; to develo p sustainable environment. With the help of the Anglo American plc’s Socio-Economic Assessment Toolbox (SEAT), the organization has been effectively assessing the social and environmental responsibilities (AngloAmerican, 2011).With the help of SEAT, Anglo American has been effectively identifying the local stakeholders, environmental risks, social and community issues, analyzing risks at shop floor facilities across all sites, developing a matrix to help communities and societies to address some major challenges etc. With the help of SEAT, Anglo American has been successfully fulfilling social and environmental responsibilities (AngloAmerican, 2011). Task-3 3. Understand the behavior of organisations in their market environment 3. 1.Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms of theUK government on Anglo American’s activities The major aim of the competitive policy and other regulatory mechanisms in UK is to make organizations work in a be tter environment and to let organizations contribute to effectiveness and competitiveness of UK economy. These regulatory policies have been impacting Anglo American organization both positively and negatively by eliminating anti-trust groups or cartels in the industry, liberalizing the market, implementing State Aid Control and involving in merger control.Organizations like Anglo American, which strive for ethical values and transparency, have been losing their market share due to antitrust agreements and cartels in the market (Parkin, 2002). The first pillar of competition policy of UK works on eliminating antitrust agreements and fixed-price agreements that seek to restrict competition. By restricting the antitrust and fixed-price agreements in the market, Anglo American will get a chance to serve more customers in an ethical and transparent way.The second pillar of the competition policy, which takes care of liberalized the market, may impact Anglo American in a negative way bec ause the liberalization of the market is nothing but giving chance to fresh competitors. The increased competition may affect some business segments of Anglo American (AngloAmerican, 2011). The third pillar of competition strategy, which takes care of State Aid Control, may also impact Anglo American in a negative way because it will be very difficult for the organization to get grants or funds from government if the organization does not show any future prospects (AngloAmerican, 2011).The fourth pillar of competition policy is merger control. This might affect Anglo American in positive and negative ways because Anglo American can take the help of government to successfully close a merger activity if everything is perfect but some times government will not approve for the merger activity if the merger between two companies spoils the competitive environment. 3. 2 Define the various types of markets and explain how two of these types of markets would determine the pricing and output decisions of a UK based organisation.Perfect competition is nothing but a market, where all organizations will have equal strengths and weaknesses. In this type of market, it is very difficult to find organizations that have power to influence pricing structure. Monopoly is nothing but an organization which has power to the control of the market (Binger and Hoffman, 1998). Organizations will act as monopolies when there is no competition in the market. Monopolistic competition is nothing but a market which has numerous of competitors but they sell slightly differentiated products.Monopolistic competitive market is an imperfect competitive market which give space for numerous of companies as long as the profits are attractive (Binger and Hoffman, 1998). Oligopoly is nothing but a market, which is dominated by a few numbers of organizations. The market form, oligopoly arises due to lack of competitors in the market. Similar to Monopoly, where only one major organization exists in the market, the duopoly is a market form, where only two organizations exist (Binger and Hoffman, 1998).Source: Binger and Hoffman, 1998 Google is a perfect example of Monopoly, which commands nearly 70% of search engine traffic. As a monopoly in search engine market the pricing structure of Google will influence the way nascent search engines like gocomb. com, which is launched very recently. As a new search engine, to compete with big giants like Google and Yahoo, it has to offer advertising services at cheaper cost. When it comes to output decision, Gocomb. com has to offer high advertising space at marginal or no profit.The perfect examples for perfect competition in UK are fruit vendors or vegetable vendors who sell products at almost same price. The pricing decisions and output decisions will not be influenced in perfect competitive market because of no entry/exist barriers and switching costs. 3. 3. Using a range of examples both from within and outside the context of a UK based company illustrate how market forces influence and dictate the responses of organisations. Market forces such as political, economical and social will influence the responses of organization (Dunnett, 1997).Political forces are majorly related to government actions and law. The way recent London riots 2011 impacted the business activities of various organization can be considered as perfect example for political force. These riots demanded assets of numerous organizations pushing them to cost pressures. Economical forces that influence organizations are economic crisis, unemployment and poor economic climate. The recent economic crisis of 2008 is a perfect example for how poor economic climate or business environment influence organizations.In response to economic forces, organizations will face pressures from all stakeholders including employees. As social forces affect attitude, perception and interest of individuals, the result will obviously influence organizations (Hornby, 200 1). The perfect example of social factors is the changing attitudes of UK people towards health and diet. To cater the increased demand, numerous of fitness centers and organic food centers have come up in UK. 3. 4.Judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected organization Business environments such as religious organizations, banking and financial institutions, and government agencies will shape the behavior of organizations like General Healthcare Group. Government agencies such as regulatory bodies and policy making institutions will shape the way GHS operates. Generally, most of the policies of UK healthcare system are made in favor government organizations.Similarly, the interest rates offered by banking and financial institutions will influence the decisions of GHS in launching new services. Cultural environmental factors such as national cultures, traditions, individual behaviors, and green issues will also influence the way organizations operates. In this globalized environment, national culture, which is comprised of values, beliefs and tradition and religions of employees, will influence the organizations like Anglo American in a great way.To manage diverse workforce, the top management of Anglo American or GHS has to implement wide-range of human resource and leadership strategies to create an all inclusive environment that facilitates growth of the organization. Individual behaviors such as attitudes, perceptions and personal characteristics of employees will also shape the behavior of Anglo American or GHS. 4. Assess the significance of the global factors that shape national business activities 4. 1 Discuss the significance of international trade to UK based mining organisationsInternational trade is nothing but exchange of goods and services across the international borders of various countries. While mining companies make a signification contribution to the economy of UK, and world economy, international trad e is playing a significant role in this contribution. In fact, international trade is making UK’s mining companies to be in comfort zone. The major benefit of international trade to UK mining companies is to the opportunity to export construction equipments, and mining equipments to developing countries like India, China, Brazil, and Eastern Europe (Dawes, 1995).The international trade has also been helping mining organizations of UK to effectively utilize existing natural resources to produce more goods and services that lift the world economy. As London is considered as a home for large scale metal producers, UK has become a dominant player to export mining goods to several other European Countries as well as the United Sates (Dawes, 1995). The international trade is also helping UK mining companies to important raw materials from other European countries and Asian Countries at cheaper cost. 4. Analyze the impact of global factors on UK business organisations In todayâ€⠄¢s competitive environment, numerous of global factors such as international markets, international competitiveness, export markets, trade blocs and international growth will impact the way UK business organizations operate. Based on these key factors, UK organizations should rework on their business strategies in regular in regular intervals. Global factors majorly influence strategic decisions related to access to new international markets, trade blocs and important acquisitions.Trade Blocs will majorly impact UK organizations at the time of entering into new markets such as NAFTA. Some of the other factors that impact UK organizations are social, political, economical, technological and legal factors in various countries. Global factors majorly impact organizations that depend on imports and exports (Dicken,1998). If taxation policies in Asian Countries like India and China, from where most of the UK companies import raw materials, are changed, it will impact the cost structure of the UK organizations.In the same way cultural factors like religious considerations, environmental considerations and ethical considerations in one country to where UK organizations export goods and services may impact sales. Similarly, economic policies such as fiscal policies, exchange rates and internal regulations will also impact the exports of UK companies (Dicken,1998). 4. 3 Evaluate the impact of policies of the European Union on UK business organisations. Some of the major policies that impact the UK business organizations are Agricultural Policy and Common Fisheries Policy and Healthcare Policy.Mostly, European policies will impact organizations in both positive and negative way. It helps organizations to increase the productivity, ensure fair trade across all sectors, market stabilization, streamline supply markets, and provide goods and services at an affordable rate to customers. European policies will also help organizations work in a perfect competitive markets, fa cilitates acquisitions and mergers and work closely with related regulatory bodies etc. Moreover, policies of European Union will demand organizations in major sectors like healthcare sector to maintain good infrastructure to provide quality services.The major policies of European Unions have majorly four mechanisms. The first mechanism demands organizations to produce quality products and take care of grading as well as packaging. The second mechanism helps organizations to protect themselves from market changes. The third mechanism asks organizations to set competitive prices. The fourth mechanism is set various standards for trade with non European Nations. References AngloAmerican, 2011. Anglo American Annual Report, 2011. Retrieved on 23rd November, 2012 from Binger, B. and Hoffman, E. , 1998. Microeconomics with Calculus, 2nd ed.Addison-Wesley. Dawes, B. , 1995. International Business: A European Perspective. London: Nelson Thornes Publishers. Dicken, P. , 1998. Global Shift T ransforming the World Economy. London: Paul Chapman Publishing. Dunnett, A. , 1997. The Macroeconomic Environment. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Hornby, W. , 2001. Business Economics. New Jersey: Financial Times Prentice Hall. James, P. , 2002. Redefining the Corporation: Stakeholder Management and Organizational Wealth. Stanford University Press. Parkin, M. , 2002. European Economics. New Jersey: Pearson Education

British invasion to the UAE

The British invasion on the United Arab Emirates began consequently after the period of the intervention of Europe in the budding years of the 16th century with Portugal. A century and a half later, Dutch and British conquests began to outdo one another in terms of dominating the UAE. In the closing years of the 18th century, Britain eventually became the major dominating force in the Arab territory.Both the contemporary ruling clans of Ra’s al Khaymah as well as Ash Shariqah, known as the Qawasim back in the days, grew to a significant level of marine power in the lower gulf eventually raiding maritime vessels from the British colony of India. After routing the naval force of the Qawasim, the British forces mandated in 1820 a number of treaties that brought forth and maintained a maritime truce. This later paved the way for the creation of the United Arab of Emirates after being labeled with the name as Trucial States.Two years after, the external security issues as well as t he foreign relationship of the state with other countries became absorbed by British responsibility. The British continued its protective control over the area of the UAE until 1971. Over the course of these years, the inner affairs of the UAE were devoid of British intervention as the latter was more after the protection of the maritime commerce in the area of the Persian Gulf.Moreover, it has been observed that part of the British control of the UAE established overall peace as well as the Western notion of territorial states was also introduced. Far more importantly, the cooperative characteristic among the seven emirates was further amplified after the formulation of the Trucial States Council in 1952. The foundation of the UAE’s Supreme Federal Council is traceable in such council. Reference United Arab Emirates. (1997). Retrieved May 9, 2007, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761560366_7/United_Arab_Emirates. html

Essay on Major Risk Factors for Heart Disease - 913 Words

With heart disease and its risk factors affecting a large majority of the human population (WHO 2012) it is imperative to raise awareness of daily physical activity and the preventative and manageable benefits it reaps against heart disease (Bassuk Manson 2009). Over the past five decades a great deal of data has been collected portraying evidence of the inverse relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Archer Blair 2011). Some examples of common heart diseases are, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart infections and congenital heart defects (Mayo Clinic Staff n.d.). ‘World Health Organization (2012) estimates that more than 17.3 million people died of cardiovascular diseases†¦show more content†¦An extraordinary amount of evidence from several studies and Meta analyses, support the hypothesis that, physical activity â€Å"delays the onset of cardiovascular disease and decreases cardiovascular disease and mort ality† (Archer Blair 2011 pp. 394) E. Paul Roetert documents (2008) that sedentary lifestyles are not isolated to the adult population but are being found among children and adolescents as well. With obesity becoming a huge epidemic across all ages, as well as being one of the major risk factors for heart disease (Kokkinos 2008) it is important to promote and educate individuals about physical activity, as it specifically targets obesity (Obesity Prevention n.d.). Roetert (2008) investigates the benefits of children taking part in regular physical activity and the effect it has on future coronary heart disease. It was observed that if individuals lead a sedentary lifestyle in their childhood, it is very likely to continue into adulthood, where there is an increased risk to develop heart disease (Roetert 2008). This study delved deeper, following a group of women for nine years. The findings stated that the most active women had a ‘39% lower risk of coronary heart disease’ (Roetert 2008, p.74) than the lea st active women. Hypertension is another major risk factor for heart disease, with ‘one quarter of the world’s adult population estimated to have hypertension’ (Diaz Shimbo 2013). There has been a confirmedShow MoreRelatedCohort Follow-u`Studies: Cardiovascular Disease1291 Words   |  5 PagesFollow-up Studies – Cardiovascular Disease: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death and mortality across the globe, especially because of its increase in low and middle income countries. The disease is commonly referred to as heart disease since it’s a group of diseases that involve the heart, blood vessels or both. Generally, the disease involves abnormal functioning of the heart of blood vessels, which increases the risk of heart failure, heart attack, cardiac rhythm issues, strokeRead MoreCardiology and Coronary Artery Disease Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesoccupations that play a major role in society. Out of all occupations, one of the most well respected occupations is being a doctor. There are various types of medical fields that one can choose to study. Nowadays, when one wants to major in a medical field, their automatic medical field is to study Neurology or Cardiology. Both of these medical fields are extremely important and well known, especially Cardiology. According to current researchers, c ardiac-related diseases are the most deadly andRead More Social Health Research Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This study aims at providing insight and documentation into the public’s understanding of cardiovascular disease, the global leading cause of death. Data shows that a large percentage of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is preventable, however, the numbers continue to rise (WHO, 2011). The first part of the report will explain CVD and discuss the related economic burden. Next, relevant literature is reviewed to report on previous studies of the same subject. Finally, the study paradigmsRead MoreThe Leading Causes Of Death Of The United States Is Heart Disease1360 Words   |  6 Pagesleading causes of death in the United States is heart disease. Heart disease is classified as a chronic disease. Chronic diseases are long-lasting conditions that can be controlled but not cured. Overall chronic diseases account for about 70% of deaths in the United States. The most common examples of chronic diseases include diabetes, heart disease, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, asthma, and h igh blood pressure. Though chronic diseases are shown to be the major cause of death around the world, they canRead MoreHealth Of Family Members Living And Deceased Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthat I am at risk for high cholesterol, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease and thyroid conditions. In my lifetime I have witnessed my family’s lifestyle characteristics that have contributed to these diseases. Of those ailments, heart disease is a primary concern and one that my own lifestyle and life choices can play a large part in avoiding. Being aware of my risks will make me more apt to make healthy decisions in order to avoid the negative conditions. Cardiovascular diseases include atherosclerosisRead MoreCoronary Artery Disease ( Chd )871 Words   |  4 PagesCoronary artery disease (CHD). Coronary artery disease is characterized by damaged or diseased coronary arteries, the major blood vessels that supply the heart with oxygen. The major cause of CHD is atherosclerosis, the build-up of fat deposits (plaque) and other cellular waste products on the walls in arteries that cause further inflammation and narrowing or complete blockage of major heart vessels. As a result, the decreased blood flow cause chest pain and shortness of breath. In some cases, aRead MorePharmaceutical Treatment Vs. Lifestyle Modification913 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death, outranking cancer in the United States, according to the data from CDC National Center for Health Statistics. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) periodically publishes guidelines on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults. However, the 2013 ACC/AHA Guideline has still not gained multinational acceptance among providers (Stone, 2014). PharmaceuticalRead MoreEssay on Prevention and Treatments of Coronary Heart Disease1176 Words   |  5 PagesPrevention and Treatments of Coronary Heart Disease Coronary heart disease is caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries, which feed the heart. All muscles need a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients, therefore so does the heart since it to is a muscle. The heart gets these nutrients and oxygen by the blood carried to it by the coronary arteries. However, when the coronary arteries get clogged by fat deposits and cholesterol, the coronary arteries become narrowerRead MoreCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ), High Blood Pressure, Congestive Heart Failure1662 Words   |  7 PagesThis literature review will cover 20 different articles and journals pertaining to cardiovascular disease (CVD), high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, hypertension and other coronary heart disease among the Muslim community. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the decreasing of blood flow due to condensing and toughening of the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscles. A recent study found that every 33 seconds, there are death from CVD in the United States (ARA, 2004). The main problemsRead MoreOklahoma State Department Of Health1233 Words   |  5 PagesOklahoma’s leading cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Overall, Oklahoma ranks number 48 in having the highest amount of cardiovascular disease-related deaths. We are the third worst in the nation, only being beat by Alabama and Mississippi. (Americas Health Rankings, Oklahoma State Data, 2014) In 2013, Oklahoma had a total of 9,703 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Heart disease accounts for 29.6% of all deaths in Oklahoma. Overall, out of every 100,000 people who die in Oklahoma, 252 of

The Rise of Essay Topics Mba

The Rise of Essay Topics Mba When you're crafting the lengthened essay outline you should make certain that it not too broad or too specific so you can concentrate on the crux of the issue. Undoubtedly argumentation is an essential acquirement. Handling plagiarism It isn't a really huge problem. Ahead of sitting down and producing such material, conduct research to establish the objectives and outcomes of every one of the schools to which you wish to apply. For instance, an essay that displays your leadership qualities or the capacity to effectively deal with obstacles will be able to help you stick out from the crowd. If you are requested to write about your own personal objectives, emphasizing what you want to accomplish professionally will be out of place and will show you as an inattentive individual. The sphere of physical therapy is growing, and with my skills in marketing, I aspire to grow the native Ridgeview services across the world. As first generation MBA appli cants, you've got many stories that you're able to share about your families and the way you grew up. The admission procedure is highly competitive and writing a wonderful essay can create an applicant stick out among other candidates with a similar background. Your essays can play a critical function in communicating to the admissions committee why they need to consider you over thousands of different applicants. Oeuvre the ideal college admission essays are among the most provocative details of the college employment transform, and it's also among the most eventful. The Birth of Essay Topics Mba Always best to ensure there are no significant flaws or disconnects in your application. Yes, the essay is a really significant part your application, but it isn't the only part. The simple truth is, though, with the perfect consulting agency, you may be the very best candidate for the program. While writing the resume, you may use the overview of your qualifications at the start. How to Get Started with Essay Topics Mba? The first thing you must keep in mind when deciding the protracted essay topics is the length, as it's a lengthy essay then the topic ought to be something that has a wide number of information on it. The cost of an essay rides on the total amount of effort the writer has to exert. More to the point, the essays that follow are most likely to supply comfort, that there's no formula or singular means to craft a thriving answer. But What About Essay Topics Mba? Be certain to conserve a duplicate of your essays, and preview the uploaded document to be certain that the formatting is preserved. There are some essential formatting advice that you should follow for every MBA essay. If you're emailing your essay, follow each of the instructions. You ought to make sure you adapt your essays to certain schools, in place of sending one generic essay. Your essays ought to be in a position to join the dots and finish the picture. Short essays are generally superior than long essay. A quick essay demonstrates that you're able to express yourself clearly and concisely. What to Expect From Essay Topics Mba? Citations and extracts from assorted sources have to be formatted properly. The essays can arrive in a number of distinct forms, based on the school. All the essays concentrate on motivational topics together with additional info and many questions don't have a defined word limit. While a great deal of websites list ISB essays and advice to crack them, it's best that you stop by the official site in order to examine the general application first. Early Action is an alternative for applicants that are certain they'll attend UNC Kenan-Flagler if admitted. Below are a significant few recommendations that can help you with your college application essay. In order that will help you narrow down an ideal topic and title for your environmental essay, we've discussed some techniques you may employ. Last words of advice are to make certain you can conduct a research work on this issue you've selected because if you're going for the above topics then it is going to be much difficult that you research on it. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Essay Topics Mba Is Wrong Read what people have to say regarding the school, get in contact with school alumni to understand what the school offers. There's no one best approach to compose the college entrance essay. Other People Quite frequently the people which are closest to us fear us achieving our objectives. In the current time there's much Importance of MBA Degree in students career development.

The Roles Of Wasps During The World War II - 918 Words

By the fall of 1944, half of the ferrying division’s fighter pilots were women. WASPs made three-quarters of the domestic deliveries of all domestic deliveries of fast fighters. Another job WASPs had was flying target planes. This job may have been the most dangerous one of them all. WASPs flew the planes back and forth with a target trailing twenty-five feet behind them, as antiaircraft crews shot at them. During these tests, two WASPs lost their lives. Although they never had to see the firefights from overseas, they had a taste of their own firepower. Even though two of their own died, WASPs had an accident percent of nine percent as opposed to the male percentage of eleven. Even after all their hard work, the women pilots were never part of any military branch. The women were never part of the armed forces, and their only benefit was the pay they received. In 1944, they almost became militarized; however the air war was simmering down and recently trained male pilots were in need of assignments. WASPs retained their domestic duties, while 36,000 male pilots joined the infantry in the War Service Training program. Director Cochran officially disbanded the WASP program in the same year. With a yet another big war in full swing, women had their own branches of the armed forces. American people, both men and women, signed up for the armed forces by hundreds of thousands. The first and largest division was the Women’s Army Corps (WAC). Approximately 140,000 women had aShow MoreRelatedThe Roles Of Wasps During The World War II1326 Words   |  6 Pagesfall of 1944, half of the ferrying division’s fighter pilots were women. WASPs made three-quarters of the domestic deliveries of all domestic deliveries of fast fighters. Another job WASPs had was flying target planes. This job may have been the most dangerous one of them all. WASPs flew the planes back and forth with a target trailing twenty-five feet behind them, as antiaircraft crews shot at them. During these tests, two WASPs lost their lives. Although they never had to see the firefights from overseasRead MoreWomens Role During World War 11 Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Role During World War II During World War II, thousands of women in various nations were deeply involved in volunteer work alongside men. Before World War II, the women’s role was simply to be a wife to her husband, a mother to her children, and a caretaker to the house (Barrow). As World War II raged on, women made enormous sacrifices for their family, and also learnt new jobs and new skills. Women were needed to fill many â€Å"male jobs†, while men went off to fight in the war. Women servedRead MoreRole Of Women During World War II950 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 116 December 1 2015 The Role of Women in World War II In the early 19th century the role of women was typically categorized as doing chores around the house and raising children. Seldom were women seen with real jobs or in positions of full-time employment but as the United States developed so did the role of women. One of the largely contributing factors to the evolution of women’s role in society was the conditions of the US at war. World War II was a war that required more military andRead MoreSarbashree Rayamajhi. En_101-A. Professor Jay Petrillo.1635 Words   |  7 Pagesglider plane. Along with the commercial airline women pilots also served their country by actively taking part in world war II. These selected women pilots who served their country in air force were called WASP (Women Airforce Service Pilots).The WASP was born on August 5, 1943 when Women’s Auxilary Ferrying squadron (WAFS) and Women s Flying Training Detachments (WFTD) merged.The WASP were very determined and had no limits. They flew the fast pursu it class planes and the largest of bombers. TheyRead MoreStimulating Patriotism and Promoting Economic Prosperity during World War I777 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War II was of great importance to the United States of America. Women also had an important role in this war. The war effort stimulated patriotism and promoted economic prosperity. American industry quickly transformed to war production in order to contribute to the nation’s military necessities. When the men left to fight in war, women were left with the men’s duties back on the home front. During World War II, approximately 350,000 women served in the U.S. on the home front and overseas.Read MoreRole of Women in Wwii4604 Words   |  19 PagesRole of Women in World War II â€Å"Our women are serving actively in many ways in this war, and they are doing a grand job on both the fighting front and the home front.† ~Eleanor Roosevelt, 1944 World War II (WWII) is often described as defining America’s â€Å"Greatest Generation.† That image was portrayed by a young, dapper, American airman, full of patriotism, courage, and a desire to make the world a better place. He was eager to conquer the world and return to the home front to make a better lifeRead MoreLiterature Review - How to Do It?1653 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the information discussed in the work, as shown in the following chart. 3 Topic: Women in WWII Cornelsen - Women accredited the WASP program for opening new doors, challenging stereotypes, and proving that women were as capable as men (p. 113) - Women could compete with men as equals in the sky because of their exemplary performance (p. 116) - WASP created opportunities for women that had never previously existed (p. 112) - Women’s success at flying aircrafts â€Å"marked a pivotal step towardsRead MoreThe Female Pilots Of The United States During World War II936 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War II, the United States had a shortage of pilots, and the leaders decided to train women to fly military aircraft so male pilots could be released for combat duty overseas. The group of female pilots was called the Women Airforce Service Pilots, WASP for short. Young women between the ages of twenty-one to thirty-five, all civilian volunteers, flew almost every type of military aircraft but were not considered to be formally militarized. The program began in 1942, and was c losed byRead MoreEssay about The Top Three Events of the 1960s1330 Words   |  6 PagesWhat three events best represent the 1960’s and why? I believe that the Vietnam War (1954-1975) was one of the most important events in the 1960’s because it was a highly controversial and covered heavily by media. Vietnam was the first war to be videotaped by reporters for the public to see on a daily bases. Before this everything was filmed by the government and edited to show how great of a job we were doing but in Vietnam reporters didn’t have that kind of restriction on their filming. SomeRead More World War II as a Time of Opportunities for American Women Essay2234 Words   |  9 PagesWorld War II as a Time of Opportunities for American Women World War II was the catalyst that changed the opportunities available to women and eventually the way they were regarded as a viable workforce. Suddenly women throughout the United States were pushing themselves to their limits to support the war effort. Women were fulfilling jobs and responsibilities that many previously believed to be impossible for their gender. Opportunities were opened in steel plants, ammunition factories

Risk and Protective Factors for Alcohol-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Risk and protective factors for alcohol use in adolescents. Answer: Introduction Recently there has been increased recognition of the significance of social and emotional health for the wellbeing of the development of the youths (Eldredge et al, 2016). The government of Australia has been on the frontline in providing support for mental health policy and programs. The Australian government has established a program that identifies the promotion and prevention and early intervention for positive mental health (Rowland et al, 2016). Mental health disorders associated with alcohol include stress, suicidal attempts, depression and anxiety (Jones, Fitzpatrick Rogers, 2017). There are varied costs involved with mental disorders like; educational personal, economic, social and occupational. Problematic alcohol use is influenced by several factors: culture, which contains the attitudes and values of a people, societal commitment, placing the wellbeing and health of children first, resources that a country uses to prevent and create awareness of alcohol use (Murphy et al , 2016). It is medically proven that alcohol is a depressant that acts an inhibitor, it reduces anxiety in small does but may lead to death in large doses, and it is a large cause of hospitalization and drug related deaths in Australia (Schmitt et al, 2014). Alcohol use leads to dependence and also causes problems like depression, anxiety and cognitive problems (Murphy et al. 2016) Adolescents and alcohol use It is noted that in Australia adolescence stage is the time when most people indulge in alcohol use (Waller, 2013). Early intervention for children has a great potential is preventing alcohol abuse when they grow older. Intervention of childrens development in the early stages is paramount in ensuring that children do not end up being drunkards when they grow up (Littlefield et al, 2017). Schools provide a learning environment for students and also ways that influence their social wellbeing. Ideally, children at their tender age are exposed to the environment that has many people taking alcohol such as their family members, neighbors, and friend. The basis of all this is the emotional needs that a child undergoes at the adolescent stage and thereby may be easily influenced by the particular group that takes alcohol (Rowland et al, 2016). Although the school environment promotes healthy behaviors for students it is also at some point a breeding ground for negative behaviors as student s may influence each other from what they learn back at home or what they see their parents do. There have been many campaigns to create self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, relationship skills and responsible decision making youths that have alcoholic problems have been noted to be stressed, this can be from social setting, relationship issues or academic issues, this in many cases leads to suicide attempts (Littlefield et al, 2017). Low self-esteem among the youths leads to alcoholic problems, it has been discovered that youths express a feeling of high self-esteem when they are intoxicated, therefore a dependence on alcohol happens since it helps them face the society, peers and life (Hildebrand et al, 2013). Various research have found that most parents introduce children to alcohol in early stage so as to teach them safe drinking habits, this in most cases end up making the youths addicts to alcohol (Scholes-Balog et al, 2014). Risks associated with alcohol. There is increased diversification of alcohol products that are mostly supported by the marketing and advertisements programs with appealing ads that compel the youths to drink alcohol (Jones, Fitzpatrick Rogers, 2017). Practically, adolescents stage is the stage that is characterized by physical and emotional changes, the tolerance in parenting which is evident among the Australian has played a very great role in the drinking habit of the youths below 18 years (Littlefield et al, 2017). It is ideal for both the state and the concerned parties to initiate programs that are primarily aimed at educating the youths on the dangers of taking alcohol at the tender age. This program would be very instrumental in shaping the character of the young people into a better adult (Lam Riba, 2016). Prolonged taking of alcohol among the adolescents may pose a very significant threat to their lives since it affects major organs of their bodies. Similarly, discrimination, race, culture, and poverty may also create a path for this kind of behaviors to take place in Australia. This too goes in contributing to anxiety disorder which is majorly attributed to the personality pattern of an individual youth (Thomas Morris, 2016). The consumption rate of alcohol is at eighty percent in Australia, and this situation contributes to the youths finding themselves in alcoholism as the situation is dominant in the country (Bradshaw Mairs, 2017). There is also the belief among parents that alcohol is not bad therefore most parents take alcohol in front of their children influencing them negatively. There is also laxity on the part of Australian Alcohol Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC) to regulate the usage of drug and alcohol. They have not come up with the clear framework to protect these vulnerable group from taking of liquor and thus allowing them the chance to further continue with the habit (Bartel, Gradisar, Williamson, 2015). The results from the analysis proof that the kind of ne ighborhood the youths live in and the culture surrounding them have tremendously affected how most of them use alcohol (Taliaferro Muehlenkamp, 2014). Morbidity and mortality rate In Australia, alcohol has been used so much and therefore it is seen as the second cause of death and other health and mental complications (Bartel, Gradisar, Williamson, 2015). Excessive use of alcohol has led to numerous cases of loss of lives, injuries and acute effects, like depression that the authorities do overlook but they are a concern to the causes of deaths in the country. Solution to alcoholism among the adolescents Lyssenko et al. (2016) asserts that it high time for the parents and other concerned parties to have a concerted effort in dealing with this issue among the youths to have a responsible future generation. The parents ought to be the good role model to their children for them to learn being emulated their good trait. Parents are not expected to encourage their children in taking of alcohol as this puts them at a very significant risk of experimenting on the same at an early age and thus resulting in addiction. The worst case is taking of hard, drugs which are very detrimental to their health condition and being the causative of high morbidity rate (Jones, Fitzpatrick, Rogers, 2017). The government should come up with some restrictions to govern on the alcohol advertisements, which encourages the youth to indulge in taking of it through numerous appealing advertisements. It is the prudent for the state to use the available resources at its disposal to promote healthy living of the you ths (Lyssenko et al. 2017). Additionally, it would be prudent for the parents to teach them about the effects of alcohol as they would get the precise information about its detrimental effects to avoid it at such age. Education is essential for the teenagers, this calls for concerted effort from even the non-governmental agencies in the bid of controlling the use of alcoholism among this teenage group. This group needs to be talked to on a regular basis to encourage them to completely abstain from using liquor due to the far reaching implications it may have in their life. Some of the tactical skills that may be very helpful to the youths like teaching them to be assertive in case one wants to persuade them to take alcohol (Modecki, Barber, Eccles, 2014). A supportive home is likely to deal with this situation in an excellent way as compared to those parents who are not supportive when it comes to matters (Schmitt et al, 2014). Parents should start by recognizing their roles in upbringing of their children and therefore be more vigilant in what their children do, in their absence and they are around. Programs that address alcohol use and abuse Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) FASD is a program that is primarily is aimed at reducing the level of taking of alcohol among the expectant women (Bartel, Gradisar Williamson, 2015). The program has further diversified its activities and thus handling the youths in the bid of educating them on the dangers posed by alcohols to one s life (Daley, 2016). This program has yielded a lot of positive results for the country in combating alcoholic problems. Danny Greens Coward Punch Campaign According to this program, the government has increased its effort in creating awareness to the public and most importantly to the youths on the dangers caused by alcohol. The program brings the audience to understanding that the cause of violence in most homes is alcohol since it has occurred that to some level, that women are battered by their husbands due to alcoholism and thus breaking families (Scholes-Balog et al, 2014). Therefore, this program is intended to encourage one to drinking responsibly and for those who have not started drinking ought to abstain from it due to the far reaching effects that have been enumerated. Good Sports Program The government of Australia has funded the sporting program to encourage more youths to take part in it (Lyssenko et al, 2016), and thus avoid the incidences of indulging in taking of drugs or alcohol. The youths should be physically active through sporting activities so that they do not have idle minds to provoke thoughts of consuming alcohol. The role of nurses in combating alcohol problems. The Australian nursing federation (ANF) has come up with the following issues to help combat the impact of alcohol and other drug use: the role of specialist registered nurses should be promoted in the field of alcohol and substance abuse, the role of providing consultation and support for other clinicians should be introduced and funded so as to care for the patients and their families well, provision of scholarships for the nursing students to further their studies in higher medicine fields, registered nurses practicing general service to people who require care due to drug abuse should be allocated Medicare benefits schedule, and harm minimization project should be funded to ensure fair distribution of health professionals among the patients with drug abuse problems (Linsley, Kane, Owen, 2011). Nurses should be provided with financial support to help them carry out their extension services to all patients, there should be clear guidelines and policy statements and should be put i n place for the nurses taking care of the people with alcoholic problems. The Ottawa charter for health promotion (WHO 1986) (Linsley, Kane, Owen, 2011) has been the guiding steps for the development of the concept of health promotion and shaping public health practice. For many Australians alcohol drinking is an everyday activity (Lang, Stengrd, Wynne, 2016). The long term and short term consequences of high alcohol consumption include negative physical, emotional and social consequences (Eldredge et al, 2014). Healthcare is important in alcoholic patients, nurses have a great role in fostering collaboration between the health sector, police, education, adolescents and parents. Workplace area Nurses are high level thinkers with exceptional skills and considerable ability to coordinate, negotiate, communicate, and collaborate in order to deliver care (Lam Riba, 2016). Nurses are qualified health practitioners who are skilled in the assessment planning and individual healthcare. Nurses need to emphasize on the importance of a healthy public policy to the people so that the people will understand the importance of nurses in the society. The workplace should be conducive to the nurses and also to the patients, the patients should be secure in the areas where they are being cared for. Nurses should ensure minimal noise and interruptions for the patients to focus on the healing process. The work area should be fitted with the necessary equipments that do not provoke the patients minds into wanting to drink again or make them feel useless and trigger suicide. Nurses need to maintain a workplace that is both welcoming and accommodative to the patients. Physical care Nurses have a one to one connection with the alcoholic patients, they are able to know the causes of alcohol abuse and to what extent to which the patient is affected by the drugs. Nurses should involve the families of those suffering from alcoholic problems in the recovery journey, its not an easy journey therefore the nurses should assure the patients of their availability any time they need them. The whole society should be involved in ensuring the patients feel welcomed and not judged for their misconducts (Taliaferro Muehlenkamp, 2014). This will encourage faster healing and self-acceptance of the victims and a new beginning to their journey towards transformation. Mental health counselling Alcoholic patients have a high risk of developing mental disorders like depression and suicidal attempts. The nurses provide the needed counseling or refer the patients to specialist to seek help can both help them overcome their disorders. Nurses know that withdraw symptoms causes pain to the patients and therefore the patients need all the emotional and physical support available. It is the duty of the nurse to make the patient feel that there is life without alcohol. The nurses use the counselings sessions to offer patients choices about how to make changes, help the patient have confidence in their ability to change the drinking behavior, help the patient understand its their responsibility to change the drinking behavior. Patient education The nurses should take the patient through the process of effects of alcohol to the body. The patients should be educated by health care professions on how the alcohol damages the liver, kidneys and other vital organs of the body like the heart. They should also be educated on the effects of alcohol, for example physiological tremor. Usually nurses need to exercise patience as the patients can sometimes tend to be negative. It is also the work of nurses to involve family members in the clinical sessions of a recovering alcoholic addict, this helps the family members understand better what the patient is going through and therefore offer their support to help in the healing process. It is also the duty of the nurses to ensure that they motivate those youths to live an upright life away from distractors such as liquor and the rest to realize their goals in life. There are some of the issues that do disturb the youths making them behave the way they are behave. Nurses therefore have a role in ensuring that they give this adolescents a listening ear for them to confide some of the challenges they are undergoing for the best actions to be taken (Lang, Stengrd, Wynne, 2016). The youth may be well assisted during the process of undergoing treatment and medication for proper recovery of their health. This is the period the nurse may use the opportunity to bring the youths closer to them and thereby able to understand their social needs. Nurses in health promotion should participate in research conducts of alcohol and substance abuse, this is because nurses have firsthand information of patients with alcohol problems therefore their input in evaluating preventing measu res for such patients is paramount. To ensure continuous improvement of the misuse of alcohol and other drug abuses the nurses should advocate their services fully to these patients, provide an environment that helps the patients change their alcoholic problems and mediate between the alcoholic patients, their families and the society at large. The nurses association of Australia should therefore improve on the existing health public policy, involve the community in promoting health, provide a supportive environment to the patients and re-orient health services and develop personal skills to help them teach the patients how to manage their problems and also come up with ways of staying healthy for the patients (Linsley, Kane Owen 2011). Conclusion Alcohol usage leads to mental health illness and also deaths in extreme cases. It is the duty of every Australian to take up the challenge of creating awareness in dealing with alcoholism among the youths to help save the young generation. Nurses should be in the vigilant in providing education not only to the victims of alcohol abuse but to the whole community so as to prevent future problems from recurring. The government should adequately fund programs meant to curb alcohol usage and create awareness across the country. The government should also establish strict rules and regulations on alcohol industries to help protect the youth people from early exposure to alcohol. There should be focus on where the behavior of the youths is shaped, that is the family structure. Parents need to realize that their roles in upbringing run deep than just providing education, food and shelter for the children. It is the duty of the whole society to safe keep and uphold the wellbeing of each other References Bartel, K. A., Gradisar, M., Williamson, P. (2015). Protective and risk factors for adolescent sleep: a meta-analytic review.Sleep medicine reviews,21, 72-85. Bradshaw, T., Mairs, H. (2017).Health promotion wellbeing in people with mental health problems. Daley, K. (2016). Introduction. InYouth and Substance Abuse(pp. 1-44). Springer International Publishing. Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Kok, G., Parcel, G. S. (2016).Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley Sons. Hildebrand, J., Maycock, B., Howat, P., Burns, S., Allsop, S., Dhaliwal, S., Lobo, R. (2013). Investigation of alcohol-related social norms among youth aged 1417 years in Perth, Western Australia: protocol for a respondent-driven sampling study.BMJ Open,3(10), e003870. Jones, J. S., Fitzpatrick, J. J., Rogers, V. L. (2017).Psychiatric-mental health nursing: An interpersonal approach. Lam, L. C. W., Riba, M. B. (2016).Physical exercise interventions for mental health. Lang, G., Stengrd, E., Wynne, R. (2016). Developing a scale measuring perceived knowledge and skills dimensions for mental health promotion: a pilot test using a convenience sample.The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education, and Practice,11(1), 10-22. Littlefield, L., Cavanagh, S., Knapp, R., OGrady, L. (2017). KidsMatter: Building the capacity of Australian primary schools and early childhood services to foster childrens social and emotional skills and promote childrens mental health. InSocial and Emotional Learning in Australia and the Asia-Pacific(pp. 293-311). Springer Singapore. Linsley,P., Kane,R., Owen,S. (2011). Nursing for public health: Promotion, principles, and practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Lyssenko, L., Mller, G., Kleindienst, N., Schmahl, C., Berger, M., Eifert, G., Bohus, M. (2016). The effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Mental Health Promotion Program Provided by Health Coaches: A Controlled Multisite Field Trial.Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,85(6), 375-377. Modecki, K. L., Barber, B. L., Eccles, J. S. (2014). Binge drinking trajectories across adolescence: For early maturing youth, extra-curricular activities are protective.Journal of Adolescent Health,54(1), 61-66. Murphy, J., Pavkovic, M., Sawula, E., Vandervoort, S., Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, (2016).Identifying areas of focus for mental health promotion in children and youth: For Ontario Public Health: a locally-driven collaborative project, 2014-2015. Murray, M. C., Re, C. A. (2017).Revival: Promotion of Mental Health (2001): Volume 7, 2000. Rowland, B., Evans-Whipp, T., Hemphill, S., Leung, R., Livingston, M., Toumbourou, J. W. (2016). The density of alcohol outlets and adolescent alcohol consumption: An Australian longitudinal analysis.Health Place,37, 43-49. Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N. R., Postmes, T., Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review.Psychological Bulletin,140(4), 921. Scholes-Balog, K. E., Hemphill, S. A., Dowling, N. A., Toumbourou, J. W. (2014). A prospective study of adolescent risk and protective factors for problem gambling among young adults.Journal of Adolescence,37(2), 215-224. Taliaferro, L. A., Muehlenkamp, J. J. (2014). Risk and protective factors that distinguish adolescents who attempt suicide from those who only consider suicide in the past year.Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior,44(1), 6-22. Thomas, P., Morris, D. (2016). Integrating primary mental health care and mental health promotion. Waller, R. J. (2013).Mental health promotion in schools: Foundations. Oak Park, Ill: Bentham Science Publishers.